隨著科技水平的不斷發(fā)展，社會(huì)工業(yè)化產(chǎn)業(yè)也得到不斷發(fā)展，工業(yè)設(shè)備的維修與養(yǎng)護(hù)也隨之受到了更多的關(guān)注。對(duì)于我國發(fā)展度高的工業(yè)化，必須積極引進(jìn)新式的工業(yè)設(shè)備，同時(shí)對(duì)工業(yè)設(shè)備進(jìn)行合理的電氣維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)，從而保障工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的不斷發(fā)展。另外，提高工業(yè)設(shè)備的使用率以及工業(yè)設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)率都可以有效地對(duì)工業(yè)化的發(fā)展添磚加瓦。本文就工業(yè)化建設(shè)中對(duì)于工業(yè)設(shè)備的電氣維護(hù)及保養(yǎng)方法展開了研究，并提出一些可以改善目前工業(yè)設(shè)備現(xiàn)狀的有效措施，從而保障工業(yè)設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行，提高設(shè)備的使用效率，為企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展增添動(dòng)力。

　　With the continuous development of technology, the social industrialization industry has also been constantly developing, and the maintenance and upkeep of industrial equipment have also received more attention. For the highly developed industrialization in our country, it is necessary to actively introduce new industrial equipment and carry out reasonable electrical maintenance and upkeep of industrial equipment to ensure the continuous development of the industrialization process. In addition, increasing the utilization rate and productivity of industrial equipment can effectively contribute to the development of industrialization. This article conducts research on the electrical maintenance and upkeep methods of industrial equipment in industrial construction, and proposes effective measures to improve the current situation of industrial equipment, thereby ensuring the normal operation of industrial equipment, improving equipment efficiency, and adding impetus to the economic development of enterprises.

　　一、電氣維護(hù)及保養(yǎng)的重要性在正常的生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作中，對(duì)于電氣設(shè)備的使用是必不可少的，同時(shí)電氣設(shè)備的使用率在整個(gè)施工中也占據(jù)著很大的比例。作為維護(hù)和支撐工程項(xiàng)目正常運(yùn)作的重要環(huán)節(jié)，電氣設(shè)備是否可以正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)具有很大的現(xiàn)實(shí)性意義，并且直接對(duì)項(xiàng)目工程的發(fā)展與生產(chǎn)有著重要的影響。更深層次講，電氣設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)直接為企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益帶來巨大的積極作用。一旦電氣設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障，則會(huì)導(dǎo)致停電的現(xiàn)象，甚導(dǎo)致企業(yè)工程無法繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)由于電氣設(shè)備的故障而無法進(jìn)行就會(huì)使得生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)中斷，從而無法正常對(duì)訂單進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，為企業(yè)帶來巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，甚為企業(yè)的信譽(yù)度帶來危機(jī)。一旦事故發(fā)生規(guī)模過大還會(huì)影響整個(gè)企業(yè)的正常運(yùn)營，甚威脅到企業(yè)的，導(dǎo)致企業(yè)倒閉或破產(chǎn)。因此，電器設(shè)備的維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)具有很重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)性意義，直接關(guān)乎著企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作，甚對(duì)企業(yè)的長久發(fā)展產(chǎn)生影響。只有高度重視工業(yè)設(shè)備的維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)才能保證企業(yè)正常進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)運(yùn)作，對(duì)企業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來長久性的意義。

　　1、 The importance of electrical maintenance and upkeep is essential for the normal production and operation of electrical equipment, and the utilization rate of electrical equipment also accounts for a large proportion in the entire construction process. As an important link in maintaining and supporting the normal operation of engineering projects, whether electrical equipment can operate normally has great practical significance and directly affects the development and production of project engineering. At a deeper level, the normal operation of electrical equipment will directly bring huge positive effects to the economic interests of enterprises. Once electrical equipment malfunctions, it can lead to power outages and even prevent the continuation of enterprise projects. Production activities that cannot be carried out due to electrical equipment failures can interrupt the production process, making it impossible to produce orders normally, causing huge economic losses to the enterprise, and even posing a crisis to the enterprise's reputation. Once an accident occurs on a large scale, it can still affect the normal operation of the entire enterprise, and even threaten the safety of the enterprise, leading to bankruptcy or closure. Therefore, the maintenance and upkeep of electrical equipment have significant practical significance, directly affecting the production and operation of enterprises, and even having an impact on their long-term development. Only by attaching great importance to the maintenance and upkeep of industrial equipment can enterprises ensure normal production operations and bring long-term significance to their development.

　　二、電氣維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)原則（一）性對(duì)于電氣設(shè)備的保養(yǎng)原則一定要保證性，確保從整體的方面出發(fā)對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行整修。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備出現(xiàn)問題，需要立即停止進(jìn)行整修，并且觀察設(shè)備當(dāng)前的情況，分析出現(xiàn)異常的原因，并根據(jù)分析的原因?qū)﹄姎庠O(shè)備進(jìn)行維修和保養(yǎng)。對(duì)于的設(shè)備一定要了解電氣設(shè)備的電路情況，并對(duì)電氣設(shè)備的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析，嚴(yán)格按照設(shè)備的使用說明對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行維護(hù)。只有經(jīng)過精密的檢查，確保了電氣設(shè)備維修與保養(yǎng)程序的完整性才能更好地對(duì)電氣設(shè)備進(jìn)行維護(hù)，從而保障整個(gè)工程實(shí)施的流暢性。并且堅(jiān)持性還可以保證維修人員可以充分認(rèn)識(shí)到機(jī)器設(shè)備的使用狀況，從而保證工業(yè)電氣設(shè)備的運(yùn)行，推進(jìn)整個(gè)工程的進(jìn)度。

　　2、 Electrical maintenance and upkeep principles (1) comprehensiveness. Firstly, the maintenance principles for electrical equipment must ensure comprehensiveness, ensuring that the equipment is repaired from a holistic perspective. Once a problem is found with the equipment, it is necessary to immediately stop repairing it, observe the current condition of the equipment, analyze the reasons for the abnormality, and repair and maintain the electrical equipment based on the analyzed reasons. For advanced equipment, it is necessary to first understand the circuit situation of the electrical equipment, analyze the internal structure of the electrical equipment, and strictly maintain the equipment according to the instructions for use. Only through precise inspection can the integrity of electrical equipment maintenance and upkeep procedures be ensured in order to better maintain electrical equipment and ensure the smooth implementation of the entire project. And adhering to comprehensiveness can also ensure that maintenance personnel can fully understand the usage status of machinery and equipment, thereby ensuring the operation of industrial electrical equipment and promoting the progress of the entire project.

　　(二）徹底性 其次，對(duì)于電氣設(shè)備的維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)必須貫徹徹底性的原則。當(dāng)電氣設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)要對(duì)電氣設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障的原因進(jìn)行徹底的勘察，并仔細(xì)檢查機(jī)器設(shè)備是否存在損傷以及不當(dāng)?shù)牡胤健?duì)于細(xì)節(jié)問題也是要進(jìn)行深入的檢查，從而明確設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障的內(nèi)外部原因，防止由于檢查不徹底導(dǎo)致不必要的浪費(fèi)。另外，一旦電氣設(shè)備的檢查不到位還會(huì)導(dǎo)致另外的損失，使得機(jī)器設(shè)備遭受第二次的傷害，并且對(duì)維修人員來說也是二次傷害。檢測不到位會(huì)將檢修的工作過程變得復(fù)雜，并且對(duì)設(shè)備產(chǎn)生損失，為檢修工作帶來更多的傷害。因此，企業(yè)必須在檢修之前貫徹徹底性的原則，使得設(shè)備在出現(xiàn)問題時(shí)可以得到及時(shí)的修改，并且使得機(jī)器設(shè)備可以盡早地投入使用，進(jìn)而推進(jìn)工程進(jìn)度

　　（2） Thoroughly, the maintenance and upkeep of electrical equipment must adhere to the principle of thoroughness. When electrical equipment malfunctions, the first step is to thoroughly investigate the cause of the malfunction and carefully inspect the machinery and equipment for any damage or improper areas. For detailed issues, it is also necessary to conduct in-depth inspections in order to clarify the internal and external reasons for equipment failures and prevent unnecessary waste caused by incomplete inspections. In addition, inadequate inspection of electrical equipment can lead to additional losses, causing the machinery and equipment to suffer a second injury, which is also a second injury for maintenance personnel. Inadequate detection can complicate the maintenance process and cause damage to the equipment, resulting in more harm to the maintenance work. Therefore, enterprises must implement the principle of thoroughness before maintenance, so that equipment can be modified in a timely manner when problems arise, and machinery and equipment can be put into use as early as possible, thereby promoting the progress of the project

　　（三）排除法另外，對(duì)于電氣設(shè)備的完善有時(shí)還需要采取排除法，對(duì)不可能產(chǎn)生的問題進(jìn)行排除，進(jìn)而縮小可能出現(xiàn)的問題范圍。并且對(duì)于設(shè)備的檢修之前必須確定極其設(shè)備是否存在問題，避免在不必要的情況下對(duì)電氣設(shè)備造成損害。電氣設(shè)備還可能存在接觸不良的問題，因此一定要盡的可能性對(duì)設(shè)備的線路問題進(jìn)行排查，避免由于設(shè)備線路的問題產(chǎn)生對(duì)設(shè)備的誤解。通過對(duì)設(shè)備的排查，才能更好地對(duì)設(shè)備所出現(xiàn)的問題進(jìn)行排查，從而防止故障的再次出現(xiàn)，影響工程的進(jìn)度。

　　（3） In addition, for the improvement of electrical equipment, it is sometimes necessary to adopt the exclusion method to eliminate impossible problems and narrow down the scope of possible problems. And before the maintenance of the equipment, it is necessary to first determine whether there are any problems with the equipment, in order to avoid unnecessary damage to the electrical equipment. Electrical equipment may also have poor contact issues, so it is necessary to investigate the wiring problems of the equipment as much as possible to avoid misunderstandings caused by equipment wiring problems. By inspecting the equipment, we can better identify any issues that may arise and prevent the recurrence of faults that may affect the progress of the project.

　　（四）細(xì)節(jié)性，需要對(duì)電氣設(shè)備的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行檢查，才能保證對(duì)整個(gè)電氣設(shè)備進(jìn)行完整的排查與檢修，防止再次出現(xiàn)問題，造成人力與物力的浪費(fèi)。對(duì)于設(shè)備的電路、按鍵接觸性、保險(xiǎn)絲以及電源等問題也要進(jìn)行細(xì)致的檢修，防止由于小部件的受損而錯(cuò)誤地對(duì)電氣設(shè)備進(jìn)行錯(cuò)誤的維護(hù)。除了上述的問題，設(shè)備的運(yùn)作聲音也可以暗示著電氣設(shè)備的運(yùn)行狀況，因此一定要注意觀察細(xì)節(jié)問題，從而對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行細(xì)致的檢修。只有注重檢修的細(xì)節(jié)性，才能更好地對(duì)設(shè)備出現(xiàn)的問題進(jìn)行處理，從而進(jìn)行檢修與更新。

　　（4） Finally, it is necessary to inspect the details of the electrical equipment in order to ensure a complete investigation and maintenance of the entire electrical equipment, prevent the recurrence of problems, and avoid wasting manpower and material resources. Detailed maintenance should also be carried out on the circuit, button contact, fuses, and power supply of the equipment to prevent incorrect maintenance of electrical equipment due to damage to small components. In addition to the above issues, the sound of equipment operation can also indicate the operating status of electrical equipment, so it is important to pay attention to details and conduct detailed maintenance on the equipment. Only by paying attention to the details of maintenance can we better handle equipment problems and carry out maintenance and updates.

　　電氣成套設(shè)備的三級(jí)保養(yǎng)

　　Third level maintenance of electrical complete equipment

　　一級(jí)日常維護(hù)保養(yǎng)：①班前、班后由操作工認(rèn)真檢查設(shè)備擦拭各個(gè)部位和加注潤滑油，使設(shè)備經(jīng)常保持整齊、清潔、潤滑、、并認(rèn)真做好點(diǎn)檢記錄及交接班記錄:②班中設(shè)備發(fā)生故障，及時(shí)匯報(bào)故障參與故障排除、記錄故障時(shí)間及原因，確認(rèn)維修效果。

　　Level 1 daily maintenance: ① Before and after work, operators carefully inspect the equipment, wipe all parts, and add lubricating oil to keep the equipment neat, clean, lubricated, and safe. They also keep meticulous inspection and handover records. ② In case of equipment failure during work, report the fault in a timely manner, participate in troubleshooting, record the time and cause of the fault, and confirm the repair effect.

　　二級(jí)操作工為主維修工為輔：①按計(jì)劃對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行局部拆卸和檢查、清洗規(guī)定的部位。②疏通油路、管道，更換或清洗油線、油氈、濾油器等。③調(diào)整設(shè)備各部位間隙，配合緊固設(shè)備各個(gè)部位。

　　Secondary operators are the main maintenance workers, with auxiliary maintenance workers: ① Carry out partial disassembly, inspection, and cleaning of designated parts of the equipment according to the plan. ② Clear oil circuits and pipelines, replace or clean oil lines, oil felt, oil filters, etc. ③ Adjust the gaps between various parts of the equipment and coordinate the fastening of each part of the equipment.

　　三級(jí)維修為主列入設(shè)備檢修計(jì)劃：①對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行部分解體“檢查和修理②更換或修復(fù)磨損件，清洗、換油。③檢查修理電氣部分;④局部恢復(fù)精度，滿足加工零件的要求。

　　Third level maintenance is mainly included in the equipment maintenance plan: ① Partial disassembly, inspection, and repair of equipment; ② Replacement or repair of worn parts, cleaning, and oil change; ③ Inspection and repair of electrical parts; ④ Partial restoration of accuracy to meet the minimum requirements for machining parts.

　　三、電氣設(shè)備檢修的方式方法

　　3、 Methods and approaches for electrical equipment maintenance

　　（一）變壓器的檢修變壓器是整個(gè)電氣設(shè)備的中心環(huán)節(jié)，因此保障變壓器的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是設(shè)備正常運(yùn)作的重要手段。一旦變壓器出現(xiàn)問題就會(huì)使得電氣設(shè)備無法正常的投入使用，因此對(duì)于電氣設(shè)備的維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)是十分重要的。對(duì)于變壓器的維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)必須定時(shí)對(duì)變壓器的油位以及油溫進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，并且詳細(xì)將結(jié)果記錄下來。變壓器還有可能出現(xiàn)漏油的問題，因此一旦變壓器出現(xiàn)問題，一定要進(jìn)行及時(shí)的處理，并對(duì)于變壓器的周圍小部件也要進(jìn)行檢修，從而保障整個(gè)變壓器可以正常地為工程進(jìn)行工作。

　　（1） The maintenance of transformers is the central link of the entire electrical equipment, so ensuring the normal operation of transformers is an important means of ensuring the normal operation of equipment. Once there is a problem with the transformer, it will prevent the electrical equipment from being put into normal use, so maintenance and upkeep of the electrical equipment are very important. For the maintenance and upkeep of transformers, it is necessary to regularly monitor the oil level and temperature of the transformer, and record the results in detail. Transformers may also have oil leakage issues, so once a problem occurs with the transformer, it must be dealt with in a timely manner, and the surrounding small components of the transformer must also be inspected to ensure that the entire transformer can work normally for the project.

　　（二）電動(dòng)機(jī) 電動(dòng)機(jī)也是電氣設(shè)備工作中不可或缺的部分，如何更好地對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)也是十分關(guān)鍵的。工業(yè)電氣設(shè)備的主要工作動(dòng)力都來自于電動(dòng)機(jī)，但是由于電動(dòng)機(jī)的易損傷程度較高，所以一定要注意對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)的保養(yǎng)方式。需要進(jìn)行日常的維護(hù)，并每天對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行情況進(jìn)行檢查與記錄，其次一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)問題要及時(shí)處理，防止由于電動(dòng)機(jī)出現(xiàn)問題從而導(dǎo)致更大的問題出現(xiàn)。

　　（2） Electric motors are also an indispensable part of electrical equipment work, and how to better maintain them is also crucial. The main working power of industrial electrical equipment comes from electric motors, but due to the high degree of damage to electric motors, it is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance methods of electric motors. Firstly, daily maintenance is required, and the operation of the motor should be checked and recorded every day. Secondly, once problems are found, they should be dealt with in a timely manner to prevent larger problems from occurring due to motor problems.

　　四、小結(jié) 隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，機(jī)器設(shè)備的發(fā)展程度也不斷地提升，而新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用也是對(duì)電氣設(shè)備的又一種提升。而電氣設(shè)備作為一種容易受到損傷的機(jī)器設(shè)備，必須對(duì)其進(jìn)行及時(shí)的檢修與維護(hù)，并定期對(duì)電氣設(shè)備進(jìn)行維護(hù)與信息記錄。只有保障電氣設(shè)備良好地運(yùn)行，才能推動(dòng)企業(yè)工程的發(fā)展，保障實(shí)施的進(jìn)度，從而促進(jìn)企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

　　4、 Summary: With the development of society, the level of development of machinery and equipment is constantly improving, and the application of new technologies is also another way to enhance electrical equipment. As a machine equipment that is easily damaged, electrical equipment must be promptly inspected and maintained, and regular maintenance and information recording of electrical equipment must be carried out. Only by ensuring the good operation of electrical equipment can we promote the development of enterprise engineering, guarantee the progress of implementation, and thus promote the economic development of enterprises.

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